For questions 1 and 2, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices.

Fill in the blank in the way that best completes the text.

For questions 3 and 4, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices.

Fill in the blank in the way that best completes the text.

For questions 3 and 4, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices.

Fill in the blank in the way that best completes the text.

For questions 5 and 6, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices.

Fill in the blank in the way that best completes the text.

For questions 5 and 6, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices.

Fill in the blank in the way that best completes the text.

This question is based on the following reading passage.

According to Mercy Amba Oduyoye in Daughters of Anowa: African Women and Patriarchy, the women of the Asante people of Ghana participated in war as nurses or in providing supplies, but only those who had not yet reached or who were past childbearing age. If such women died in battle, they died “as individuals and not as potential sources of human life.”

As such, many old women engaged in valiant acts, sometimes sacrificing their own lives, to defend those they had given life to.

This question is based on the following reading passage.

A Small Place is Jamaica Kincaid’s memoir of growing up in Antigua as well as an indictment of the Antiguan government and Britain’s colonial legacy in Antigua. Kincaid blames colonial rule for many of Antigua’s current problems, including drug dealing and selling off land for tourist properties. Kincaid’s critics question why, if the British are responsible for the Antiguan government’s corruption, the British government itself isn’t more corrupt. Kincaid has responded that there must have been some good people among the British, but that they stayed home.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the following reading passage.

(1) The literature of the American West ranges from lowbrow entertainment to great works of fiction. The extremes are obvious enough, but the middle tends to blur. The dime-store Western never aspired to be anything but entertainment. James Fenimore Cooper and Willa Cather, however, used themes of westward expansion in works clearly intended as highbrow literature. The novels of modern writer Larry McMurtry broke new ground: He took the Western and created a great piece of fiction, without changing its fundamental genre appeal or its accessibility to the general reader.

(2) As an example of his retooling of the Western genre, consider McMurtry's themes. While the Western myth is fundamentally about resettlement to new lands. McMurtry's novels combine elements of the Western myth with less traditional motifs: profound reluctance to face change, conflict between urbanization and the Western ideal, the importance of place, and the role of the land itself. While the traditional Western is rooted in the past, McMurtry's themes combine nostalgia for that past with a sense of emptiness in the present and hopelessness for the future.

(3) Or consider McMurtry's treatment of character. The traditional Western formula depicts mainly masculine characters and portrays them as both heroic and human. In his novels, McMurtry creates strong female characters, transmuting the conventional plot of the trials and dangers of the frontier by folding in deeper ideological insights. Critics rightly credit his novels with reshaping the Western genre, praising his work and its meticulous attention to the Western mise en scene as a subversive but sincere tribute to the American West.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the following reading passage.

(1) The literature of the American West ranges from lowbrow entertainment to great works of fiction. The extremes are obvious enough, but the middle tends to blur. The dime-store Western never aspired to be anything but entertainment. James Fenimore Cooper and Willa Cather, however, used themes of westward expansion in works clearly intended as highbrow literature. The novels of modern writer Larry McMurtry broke new ground: He took the Western and created a great piece of fiction, without changing its fundamental genre appeal or its accessibility to the general reader.

(2) As an example of his retooling of the Western genre, consider McMurtry's themes. While the Western myth is fundamentally about resettlement to new lands. McMurtry's novels combine elements of the Western myth with less traditional motifs: profound reluctance to face change, conflict between urbanization and the Western ideal, the importance of place, and the role of the land itself. While the traditional Western is rooted in the past, McMurtry's themes combine nostalgia for that past with a sense of emptiness in the present and hopelessness for the future.

(3) Or consider McMurtry's treatment of character. The traditional Western formula depicts mainly masculine characters and portrays them as both heroic and human. In his novels, McMurtry creates strong female characters, transmuting the conventional plot of the trials and dangers of the frontier by folding in deeper ideological insights. Critics rightly credit his novels with reshaping the Western genre, praising his work and its meticulous attention to the Western mise en scene as a subversive but sincere tribute to the American West.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the following reading passage.

(1) The literature of the American West ranges from lowbrow entertainment to great works of fiction. The extremes are obvious enough, but the middle tends to blur. The dime-store Western never aspired to be anything but entertainment. James Fenimore Cooper and Willa Cather, however, used themes of westward expansion in works clearly intended as highbrow literature. The novels of modern writer Larry McMurtry broke new ground: He took the Western and created a great piece of fiction, without changing its fundamental genre appeal or its accessibility to the general reader.

(2) As an example of his retooling of the Western genre, consider McMurtry's themes. While the Western myth is fundamentally about resettlement to new lands. McMurtry's novels combine elements of the Western myth with less traditional motifs: profound reluctance to face change, conflict between urbanization and the Western ideal, the importance of place, and the role of the land itself. While the traditional Western is rooted in the past, McMurtry's themes combine nostalgia for that past with a sense of emptiness in the present and hopelessness for the future.

(3) Or consider McMurtry's treatment of character. The traditional Western formula depicts mainly masculine characters and portrays them as both heroic and human. In his novels, McMurtry creates strong female characters, transmuting the conventional plot of the trials and dangers of the frontier by folding in deeper ideological insights. Critics rightly credit his novels with reshaping the Western genre, praising his work and its meticulous attention to the Western mise en scene as a subversive but sincere tribute to the American West.

For questions 12 to 16, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

For questions 12 to 16, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

For questions 12 to 16, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

For questions 12 to 16, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

For questions 12 to 16, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

Questions 17 and 18 are based on the following reading passage.

The paintings of Eugene Delacroix are as political, complex, tumultuous, and vivid as the life of Lord Byron, who inspired some of Delacroix's best works, such as Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi and Scenes des massacres de Scio. Simultaneously, the paintings boast an incredible melange of the artistic traditions of prior masters and movements-such as a preoccupation with terribilitas from Michelangelo; a flair for color from Titian; and power, strength, and exuberance from Rubens-all underlain by the harmony and balance of classical artists and tinted with the Baroque. Delacroix combined eclectic elements and infused them with his own genius, creating a unique expression of Romanticism, and in so doing, inspired yet another style, Symbolism.

Questions 17 and 18 are based on the following reading passage.

The paintings of Eugene Delacroix are as political, complex, tumultuous, and vivid as the life of Lord Byron, who inspired some of Delacroix's best works, such as Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi and Scenes des massacres de Scio. Simultaneously, the paintings boast an incredible melange of the artistic traditions of prior masters and movements-such as a preoccupation with terribilitas from Michelangelo; a flair for color from Titian; and power, strength, and exuberance from Rubens-all underlain by the harmony and balance of classical artists and tinted with the Baroque. Delacroix combined eclectic elements and infused them with his own genius, creating a unique expression of Romanticism, and in so doing, inspired yet another style, Symbolism.

Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following reading passage.

In The Federalist Number Ten. James Madison forewarned against the dangers of factions-groups of people with a common interest adverse to the overall good of the nation, what today are referred to as "special interest groups." Madison described two hypothetical ways to check a faction: Either eliminate the causes or mitigate the effects of the faction. To eliminate the causes, the government would either have to make all people perfectly equal, an impossible goal, or take away people's liberty and thus defeat the purpose of having a republican form of government. Madison argued, alternatively, for ameliorating the effects of factions by enlarging the population of the country and thus diluting their influence. If there are a sufficient number of diverse peoples, it will be difficult for a majority to share a common interest at the same time.

Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following reading passage.

In The Federalist Number Ten. James Madison forewarned against the dangers of factions-groups of people with a common interest adverse to the overall good of the nation, what today are referred to as "special interest groups." Madison described two hypothetical ways to check a faction: Either eliminate the causes or mitigate the effects of the faction. To eliminate the causes, the government would either have to make all people perfectly equal, an impossible goal, or take away people's liberty and thus defeat the purpose of having a republican form of government. Madison argued, alternatively, for ameliorating the effects of factions by enlarging the population of the country and thus diluting their influence. If there are a sufficient number of diverse peoples, it will be difficult for a majority to share a common interest at the same time.